The specialty of Ancient History is a branch of history that focuses on the study of distant time periods in the past, including the periods that precede the Middle Ages. This specialty is fundamental to understanding the initial developments in ancient civilizations and cultures that have significantly influenced human history.

Fields of study of ancient history:

• Ancient Civilizations: Study of civilizations such as the Sumerian, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman civilizations, and how they influenced human and historical development.
• Religions and Mythology: Understanding the role of religions and mythology in ancient civilizations, and how they influence daily life and human thinking.
• Politics and Economics: Study of the political organizations and economic systems of ancient civilizations, and how they affected power and the economy in those times.
• Technology and Innovation: Exploring technology and innovations that appeared in ancient times such as agriculture, engineering, and the arts, and their role in cultural and social development.

Methods and sources in studying ancient history:

• Archaeological sources: Relying on antiquities and ancient manuscripts to understand life and culture in ancient times.
• Historical comparison: the study of comparison between different civilizations and understanding the interactions and mutual influences between them.
• Historical Theory: Using historical theories to analyze the causes and consequences of historical events in ancient times.

The importance of studying ancient history:

• It helps in understanding the deep roots of current civilizations and their development over time.
• Provides valuable insights into how cultures, religions, and technology influence human developments.
• It helps in learning from historical experiences to apply lessons to current and future challenges.