Geography and environmental studies specializations include a wide range of fields concerned with the study of the Earth, its natural and human components, and the interactions between humans and the environment. These specializations include:

Geography:
Physical Geography:

• Climatology: The study of climate patterns, their factors, and their effects on the environment.
• Geomorphological geography: the study of the Earth’s topography and its natural formation.
• Hydrology: The study of surface and groundwater and their role in the environment.
• Biogeography: The study of the distribution of organisms and ecosystems.

Human Geography:

• Population geography: the study of population distribution and the factors affecting it.
• Economic geography: the study of economic activities and their geographical distribution.
• Political Geography: The study of political borders and relations between countries.
• Transportation Geography: The study of transportation systems and their impact on spatial distribution.

Applied Geography:

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS): The use of technology to analyze geographic data and draw maps.
• Remote Sensing: Using satellites and aircraft to collect environmental and geographic data.

Environmental Studies:

• Environmental sciences:

1. Ecology: The study of interactions between living organisms and their environments.
2. Natural Resource Management: Study of ways to conserve and use natural resources sustainably.
3. Ecotoxicology: The study of the effect of harmful chemicals on the environment and living organisms.

• Environmental policies:

1. Environmental laws and legislation: Study of policies and laws governing environmental protection.
2. Environmental planning: developing strategies for planning cities and rural areas to achieve sustainable development.

Environmental disaster management:

1. Risk management: studying ways to mitigate the impact of natural and human disasters.
2. Preparedness and response: developing plans to deal with environmental disasters and reduce their damage.

Work fields:

Graduates of Geography and Environmental Studies can work in various fields such as:

• Urban Planning: Developing plans for sustainable land use.
• Environmental Conservation: Working with environmental organizations to protect ecosystems.
• Scientific research: Conducting research on environmental changes and human interactions with the environment.
• Education: Teaching geographical and environmental subjects in schools and universities.
• Environmental consulting: providing advice on environmental and development projects.

Geography and Environmental Studies majors play an important role in understanding and solving environmental issues, and planning and developing communities in a sustainable manner.